The 9 Best Electrolyte Supplements of 2024, Reviewed by Our Experts

We’re told to drink water while we exercise for good reason — as you sweat, your body becomes dehydrated and you lose electrolytes, the minerals that help your muscles work properly and regulate blood pressure. During a particularly hot and sweaty training session, having an electrolyte supplement, which usually includes sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and chloride, handy can help keep your body performing at its best. 

But similar to the best BCAA supplements, there’s a pretty large list of electrolyte brands and products on the market. And different products are better suited for different athletes and fitness goals. So, our team of experts, including personal trainers and athletes, tested more than 20 different products to find the best electrolyte supplements.

The 9 Best Electrolyte Supplements of 2024

• Best Electrolytes Overall: BUBS Naturals Hydrate or Die
• Best Electrolyte Powder for Fasting: Transparent Labs Hydrate
• Best Electrolytes for Runners: XWERKS Motion
• Best Electrolytes for Mixing: Onnit HYDRATech Instant
• Best Electrolytes on Amazon: Sports Research Hydrate
• Best Electrolytes for Travel: Liquid IV
• Best Tasting Electrolytes: LMNT
• Best Electrolyte Gels: GU Energy Gel Shots
• Best Electrolyte Drinks for Older People: Electrolit Electrolyte Hydration

Editor’s Note: The content on BarBend is meant to be informative in nature, but it should not be taken as medical advice. When starting a new training regimen and/or diet, it is always a good idea to consult with a trusted medical professional or registered dietitian. We are not a medical resource. The opinions and articles on this site are not intended for use as diagnosis, prevention, and/or treatment of health problems or injuries. They are not substitutes for consulting a qualified medical professional.

Best Electrolyte Supplements Video Review

Join Jake Herod, NASM-CNC, and registered dietician nutritionist Chelsea Rae Bourgeois, MS, RDN, LD, as they discuss some of the best electrolyte supplements on the market in 2024, with a focus on products from brands like BUBS, XWERKS, and Liquid I.V.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ftpJaDRiyGM

How We Tested the Best Electrolyte Supplements

As you may see with protein powders or pre-workout supplements, there are seemingly endless electrolyte brands and options on the market. So, in order to really gather all the best, our team of expert product testers, including certified personal trainers and athletes, tried about 24 different electrolyte supplements to narrow down the best of the best. This is how we put our top picks to the test using our supplement testing methodology:

Flavor

Aside from gel electrolytes, most electrolyte supplements are powders that you mix with water and sip before and after you train. So, if you’re going to be sipping a beverage for an hour or longer, you want it to actually taste appetizing. 

We sampled different flavors from many electrolyte companies in an effort to provide a well-rounded perspective on taste. We prioritized brands that offer multiple flavor options and didn’t want to promote any products that were overly sweet or grainy.

Solubility

Unless you’re using your electrolytes in the gym, you probably won’t have a shaker bottle handy on a run, hike, or bike ride. So, we chose electrolytes that dissolved well with just a standard water bottle, no shaker ball needed.

Purpose 

Different forms of electrolyte supplements have different purposes. For instance, an electrolyte gel is designed to be consumed during a long endurance training session, which is exactly how we tested it. 

We considered how and when most athletes need electrolytes and applied that to our testing process, whether that’s a gym workout or long run. Additionally, we considered convenience for different athletes. If you like to travel a lot, single-serving drink mix packets are the move. Or, if you stack different supplements, you can save your money and buy a powder container. Some may prefer an electrolyte tablet for a no-mix option.

Best Electrolytes Overall: BUBS Naturals Hydrate or Die

There are a ton of different types of electrolyte supplements, and you can select from powders, pre-mixed drinks, and tablets. Bubbs Naturals Hydrate or Die is free of artificial ingredients, covers all the main electrolytes your body needs, and comes in convenient on-the-go packets.

Bubs Naturals electrolyte packets contain all the major electrolytes your body needs, including 670 milligrams of sodium (29 percent daily value), five milligrams of calcium (zero percent daily value), 243 milligrams of potassium (six percent daily value), 62 milligrams of magnesium (15 percent daily value), and 1030 milligrams of chloride (45 percent daily value). 

Although we do wish this formula had calcium at a higher dose, we were satisfied with the variety of minerals and nutrients in this supplement, giving the formulation a 4.5 out of 5. Our testers also really liked the addition of two milligrams of iron (10 percent daily value), which isn’t common in many electrolyte supplements. 

“I tested a packet of the orange flavor and it’s pretty salty,” according to Kate Meier, BarBend editorial staff member and competitive weightlifter, giving the flavor an overall 4 out of 5. “It also had a bit of a chalky after-taste. But other testers really enjoyed the saltiness, so it’s a personal preference!”

Our testers sampled this electrolyte supplement in a shaker cup and gave it a 5 out of 5 for solubility. It dissolved perfectly fine and there were no floaties or gritty texture. We also liked the convenient single-serving packets, which are easy to keep in your gym bag or car.

One 18-serving package costs $34, which comes out to about $1.88 per serving. This is definitely on the pricier side, considering most other electrolyte supplements cost $1.50 or less, so we had to give Bubs Naturals a 3.5 out of 5 for price per serving.

Best Electrolyte Powder for Fasting: Transparent Labs Hydrate

When it comes to fasting, you want to find an electrolyte supplement that can keep you hydrated without breaking your fast. This zero-calorie option from Transparent Labs is great for replenishment while you’re fasting without adding any macros and calories to your day.

Transparent Labs Hydrate has a pretty solid formula, including calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium. But you also get 1,000mg of taurine, which can help promote hydration, especially in your skin and hair, according to the Cleveland Clinic. TL also includes organic coconut water powder, to add even more electrolytes. Considering it’s also third-party tested, our testers gave this formula an overall 4.5 out of 5.

The flavor was a little stronger than our tester (also a certified personal trainer) expected, which some athletes may not like. “The company recommends mixing one serving with eight to 12 ounces of water but I still thought the Tropical Punch flavor was too strong,” he says, giving the taste a 4 out of 5. “It didn’t taste bad but I had to dilute this flavor a lot.”

TL’s electrolyte formula did get a 5 out of 5 for solubility. Our tester had no issues mixing it with water and it dissolved without leaving any gritty floating substances. We even mixed it with cluster dextrin and all the ingredients dissolved perfectly fine.

Our team also gave the price per serving a 5 out of 5, considering this is one of the cheapest supplements on this list. One 40-serving container only costs $28.99, making it $0.72 per serving.

Best Electrolytes for Runners: XWERKS Motion

When you’re doing a long-distance run or a sprint interval session, you’re probably going to sweat quite a bit. Keeping your body hydrated is crucial for performance and XWERKS Motion is a good electrolyte supplement for runners of all levels.

Unlike other similar supplements, XWERKS has 25 grams of carbohydrates in their formula, which can offer some additional fuel during your training session. You also get sodium, calcium, and magnesium to replenish your electrolyte levels and some BCAAs to help reduce fatigue and support muscle strength. For runners specifically, this formula ticks a lot of boxes, but we had to give it a 4 out of 5, as it may not be ideal for all athletes.

While runners can definitely take advantage of the extra fuel, the carbs do come from cluster dextrin, which is a complex carbohydrate. These are slower to digest than simple carbs. They’ll provide sustained energy but chugging a serving between intervals won’t give you an instant kick, so keep that in mind while you train.

XWERKS Motion only comes in Raspberry Lemonade flavor, which our tester, a certified personal trainer, gave a 4 out of 5. “The raspberry flavor is much stronger than the lemonade,” he said. “It’s refreshing but it does have a powder taste, so I had to mix it with more than the recommended amount of water.”

We did give this supplement a 5 out of 5 for solubility, though. “It was easy to mix and dissolved completely,” our tester said. “I didn’t even need to use a blender ball in my cup.” This is great considering most runners don’t take a shaker cup on their runs — it will dissolve just fine in a running water bottle or hydration vest.

Considering you get an extra dose of carbs and BCAAs in this supplement, our tester enjoyed using it right before a workout. “If I train early in the morning and don’t want to have a full meal, I had a serving of these electrolytes,” he said. “I definitely noticed a difference in my energy while working out. But I also use it as a recovery drink, too.”

While this supplement is pretty versatile, we did have to give it a 2 out of 5 for price per serving. At nearly $2 per serve, this is one of the most expensive electrolyte drink mixes on this list. Granted, the added BCAAs does mean you can save on a separate BCAA supplement. But if you’re a runner who doesn’t take BCAAs anyway, this cost may be tough to justify. 

[RELATED: The 11 Best Supplements for Runners of 2024]

Best Electrolytes for Mixing: Onnit HYDRATech Instant

If you prefer a powder electrolyte supplement and you’re looking for a powder that mixes seamlessly into water, you’ll like this formula. These single-serving packets are easy to take on-the-go and dissolve in just a standard water bottle — no shaker cup needed.

We gave Onnit HYDRATech Instant a 5 out of 5 for solubility. “It’s easy to pour [this powder] into a bottle or glass of water,” one five-star customer reviewer writes. “It mixes well and the taste is a subtle orange flavor.” We also like that you get two flavor options, however, other formulas do tend to offer more options.

Onnit’s HYDRATech Instant formula contains calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium to replenish your electrolyte levels. However, we had to give this formula a 3.5 out of 5, since other formulas do have higher levels of these nutrients. Other formulas also tend to include beneficial added ingredients for antioxidants or carbs. While the calorie count is really low at only 35 calories per serving, it comes from added sugar to sweeten the powder.

When it comes to price, Onnit is definitely among the most expensive, so we had to give it a 2 out of 5 in this category. One 30-serving box of packets costs $59.92, which is practically $2 per serving. This formula is quite a bit pricier than most others (which are usually about $1.50 or less per serving), so it may not be in the budget for most athletes.

Best Electrolytes on Amazon: Sports Research Hydrate

Among the endless electrolyte powders, gels, and drinks on Amazon, Sports Research Hydrate stands alone as our top pick on the site. Not only does it have the backing of hundreds of positive reviews, this electrolyte mix is eligible for Prime shipping, plus you can save up to 15 percent if you opt for Amazon’s Subscribe and Save option at checkout.

Research suggests that ingesting sodium before working out can positively affect hydration and physical performance. (10) When Chelsea Rae Bourgeois, MS, RDN, LD took a look at the label, two important factors helped the formula earn a 4 out of 5. “Each serving of Sports Research Hydrate provides 400 milligrams of sodium,” she says. “Plus, it’s sugar-free, making it an ideal hydration choice for those trying to limit their sugar intake or control their blood sugar levels.” 

[Related: Signs You’re Not Getting Enough Electrolytes]

Competitive athletes will also appreciate that Hydrate’s formula has been tested for any banned substances. “I also like that this product is Informed-Sport certified, providing peace of mind when incorporating it into your hydration routine,” Bourgeois adds.

Sports Research Hydrate offers four flavors and BarBend editorial member Matt Cummings had the chance to mix up a packet of the Passion Fruit variety himself. He rated its solubility 5 out of 5 and added, “After about ten seconds of shaking, I could barely tell it was ever a powder.” He also said it wasn’t quite like a fresh tropical fruit cocktail, but it was pretty close. There was one aspect that cost its overall taste rating a point, though. “It did taste seem rather salty, so I scratched a point there.”

Hydrate is sugar-free, but as Bourgeois points out, its sweetener could be an issue for anyone with gastrointestinal problems. “Hydrate is sweetened with steviol glycosides, which may cause GI issues in some people,” she says. “Be mindful when taking supplements with artificial sweeteners if you have a history of GI distress.”

Best Electrolytes for Travel: Liquid IV

When you’re constantly on-the-go, catching flights or hitting the road, staying hydrated can become an afterthought. We like Liquid IV’s easy single-serving packets for frequent travelers. Just toss a pack or two in your suitcase or travel bag and stay hydrated during your whole trip. 

Our team gave Liquid IV’s Hydration Multiplier an overall 3.8 out of 5. In terms of convenience, it’s a win. But, we thought the formula could be a bit better. You do get potassium and sodium but other electrolyte formulas usually include magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, or chloride. However, we do have to point out that Liquid IV includes vitamin C, Niacin, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, which is pretty unique. For travelers, that added vitamin C is a big plus to help support your immune system through busy airports.

Our tester gave the flavor a 4.5 out of 5 after trying the Lemon Lime and Acai Berry. “The taste is very yummy,” says our tester, who’s also a certified personal trainer. “It’s not too sweet and only a little bit salty.” 

However, I’d personally give the flavor a 2 out of 5. After trying the Lemon Lime myself, I thought it was way too sweet for my liking. It’s not as sweet as a pre-workout supplement, for instance, but I prefer my electrolytes to taste like lightly flavor-infused water. While I don’t love the flavor personally, I do still keep a few packets in my travel bag and car.

For solubility, we gave this product a 3 out of 5. I didn’t think it was too grainy but I definitely noticed some particles floating in my water bottle. I’m sure they would have dissolved with a shaker bottle but I love to sip a hydration drink on a long bike ride and shakers don’t fit in my bike’s bottle cages. So, while this will probably dissolve well with a blender ball, that’s not always practical for every athlete.

We did really like the price per serving, though. One 16-serving box costs $24.99, which is only about $1.56 per serving. We gave this cost a 3.75 out of 5, as it’s cheaper than some pricier formulas but you still can find less expensive options.

Read our full Liquid IV Review

Best Tasting Electrolytes: LMNT Recharge

LMNT Recharge electrolytes come in nine different flavors, including some unique options, like Mango Chili, Chocolate Caramel, and Grapefruit Salt. After trying the Mango Chili, our testers were pretty satisfied, giving it a 5 out of 5.

“The Mango Chili flavor isn’t overly sweet. Actually, it’s almost savory instead. When you first sip it, you taste sweetness from the mango but then you get some spiciness from the chili,” our tester said. “It didn’t taste artificial at all and I’d definitely buy this flavor again.” 

This formula includes sodium and potassium, however, we do wish there were some calcium in there, too. Other formulas tend to include all three, which we would have liked to see here, too. Our team gave the overall formulation a 4 out of 5 because the sodium levels are also quite high here, packing 43 percent of your daily value.

Our testers didn’t notice any negative side effects after trying this supplement for several workouts. “This one is actually pretty light on my stomach,” our tester said, giving this category a 5 out of 5. “I think the lack of sugar in the formula helped me stay alert and energized.” 

LMNT also earned a 5 out of 5 for solubility. After mixing it in a water bottle, we didn’t notice any graininess or clumping. It dissolved pretty quickly and smoothly, which is what you want for an intra-workout supplement. Who wants to spend 10 minutes between sets shaking up a supplement, right?

Unfortunately, we did have to ding this product a few points for overall value. One serving is $1.50, which is pricier than a lot of electrolyte supplements on this list. While we did really like the flavor and formula, this price point may not work for all athletes.

Best Electrolyte Gels: GU Energy Gel Shots

Electrolyte gels are ideal for anyone who loves long-distance physical activity. Whether you’re taking them in your pocket on a long run or just throwing them in your gym bag, this pick is one of the easiest electrolyte supplements to transport.

As a former collegiate runner, road racer, and triathlete, I’m no stranger to GU energy gels and have tried practically every flavor. For endurance training, I’d give the formula a 4 out of 5. You get a few of the major electrolytes, including sodium, calcium, and potassium. Plus, there are about 23 grams of carbs per serving with zero fiber, which means your body can digest these quickly, using them for energy while you train.

However, I don’t love some of the added ingredients here. The maltodextrin sweetener doesn’t sit well in everyone’s stomach and I’ve heard many fellow endurance athletes complain about digestive unrest after consuming a GU gel. There’s also some green tea extract, which contains caffeine and may not be ideal for all athletes, like those who train in the evening.

GU has a pretty wide range of flavor options and I’d say the taste is an overall 4 out of 5. I personally enjoy the Salted Caramel and Chocolate Outrage flavors. I’m a huge sweet tooth and in the middle of a 60-mile bike ride, they taste like a treat. I have cycling friends who absolutely hate the dessert-style flavors and prefer the fruity varieties. So, it’s definitely a personal choice.

The price per serving isn’t as cheap as some other electrolyte supplements. One packet costs about $1.60 or $12.80 for a box of eight. However, I really like the convenience of the packets. They fit great in just about any pocket or running belt. You also get more essential minerals than most other electrolytes on the market, according to Colette Micko, RDN.

GU energy gels aren’t for everyone but if you’re a long-distance endurance athlete, they’re worth a try, in my opinion. Sipping electrolytes in your water is an excellent way to stay hydrated but if you’re running or biking for many miles, having a form of solid electrolytes with some calories can help keep your energy levels high.

Best Electrolyte Drinks for Older People: Electrolit Electrolyte Hydration

It’s important for people of all ages to stay hydrated, including older adults. We like Electrolit’s Electrolyte Hydration bottles for older age groups, as they’re already pre-portioned and you don’t need to do any of the shaking yourself — just open the bottle and take a sip.

This pre-made electrolyte drink is convenient and contains potassium, magnesium, calcium, sodium, and ions for optimal hydration. Since it’s pre-portioned into bottles, you don’t have to worry about mixing any powders into the appropriate amount of liquid, and you can buy these bottles in packs of 12 and stock them in your fridge. 

You can find these bottles in four different flavors and according to many customer reviews, they taste refreshing. “When I am ill or low on electrolytes, this is my favorite drink,” writes one five-star reviewer. “The Strawberry Kiwi is my favorite. To me, it tastes better than other brands. It’s a little expensive, but it’s worth the money.”

Unfortunately, the price per serving is a bit costly compared to powdered supplements. A 12-pack of bottles costs $30, which is about $2.50 per bottle. This isn’t ideal for those shopping on a budget but for adults who prefer the convenience of a pre-made electrolyte drink, it’s worth a try.

How We Chose the Best Electrolytes

Electrolytes play a key role in helping our bodies function properly. As folks lose bodily fluids — either through exercise, exposure to warm temperatures for a long period, vomiting, diarrhea, or alcohol consumption — they also lose electrolytes. Losing electrolytes can impact athletic performance, cause an increase in muscle cramps, and generally lead to increased feelings of fatigue or discomfort.

For that reason, taking an electrolyte supplement may be very beneficial for exercising for an extended period of time, working outdoors in an exceptionally hot environment, or even taking a long flight. In comparing various types of electrolyte supplements, we considered a few key factors.

Form

Ultimately, one form is not necessarily better than the other, so we selected different forms of electrolytes for this list that may suit different people’s lifestyles better than others. Athletes may find pre-portioned gels or bottles of liquid electrolytes more convenient than mixing up a powder, particularly if you’re in the middle of an endurance race. Whereas others may be more concerned with how much supplementation they are getting for their money — powder is much easier and cheaper to buy in bulk. No matter your preference, there’s an option on this list that will suit you.

Additives

As it is with any supplement, some people may be more concerned with additives and artificial ingredients than others. While many artificial ingredients are not inherently harmful to your wellbeing, we have included all-natural options on this list for those who are trying to keep a diet clean of any additives. We’ve also included some options with artificial coloring or flavoring, or sugar though, so make sure you are reading the labels before you buy if this is something that is important to you. If there’s anything artificial in any of these products, we’ve mentioned it in this list for your convenience.

Taste

Rest assured that all the supplements on this list are objectively tasty. While some options may taste better than others, there are no options on this list that inherently taste bad. We’ve also tried to include picks that have a variety of flavors to choose from, so you’re not just stuck with one flavor option. When it comes to sticking to a supplement regimen, sometimes taste is one of the biggest priorities, and that is reflected in how we chose the supplements for this list.

Cost

We realize that different buyers may have different budgets. Powders will be the most cost-effective option for electrolyte supplementation since you can buy them in bulk and mix them yourself. But for those who are willing to spend a little extra money, we’ve also included individual gel packets and pre-portioned bottles of liquid electrolytes if convenience is more a priority than the cost is a deterrent. No matter the price, all of the electrolytes on this list are of high quality for their price range.

How Much Do Electrolyte Supplements Cost?

With so many different types of electrolyte supplements available on the market, it can be difficult to compare apples to oranges, or in this case, powders to gels or drinks. As with any supplement, there is a range of prices and options that electrolyte products tend to fall within.

Best Electrolytes Overall	BUBS Naturals Hydrate or Die	Starting at $13.00 Per serving: $0.72
Best Electrolyte Powder for Fasting	Transparent Labs Hydrate	$28.99 Per serving: $0.72
Best Electrolytes for Runners	XWERKS Motion	$59 Per serving: $1.97
Best Electrolytes for Mixing	Onnit HYDRATech Instant	$59.95 Per serving: $1.99
Best Electrolytes on Amazon	Sports Research Hydrate	$22.95 Per serving: $1.43
Best Electrolytes for Travel	Liquid IV	$44.99 Per serving: $1.56
Best Tasting Electrolytes	LMNT	$45 Per serving: $1.50
Best Electrolyte Gels	GU Energy Gel Shots	$12.80 Per serving: $1.60
Best Electrolyte Drinks for Older People	Electrolit Electrolyte Hydration	$35.99 Per serving: $2.99

When purchasing an electrolyte supplement, you can expect to pay somewhere between $12 and $60 per container. We’ll acknowledge that there is a large gap between those two numbers, but the price per serving is where the real cost is more apparent. Bulk powders can be less than $1.00 per serving while ready-to-consume electrolyte products generally run between $1.50 and $3.00 per serving.

What to Consider Before Buying Electrolytes

Staying adequately hydrated is important for maintaining your health, especially during very intense, long workouts, endurance running, swimming or biking, or extended exposure to an excessively hot environment. Here are a few things to consider about electrolyte supplements before you decide which one is best for you.

Convenience

While electrolytes are a generally convenient supplement to take, there are some forms that are more convenient than others. If you’re a long distance runner or need something you can take with you on long hikes, a gel packet is going to be the easiest to bring with you. If you’re looking for something pre-portioned that you can just grab and go, a bottle of liquid electrolytes won’t slow you down.

But if you have the time and the patience to mix your powder in some water, you can buy these powders in bulk, and one purchase will last you much longer than individual packets of gel or bottled liquid electrolytes. Make sure you’re considering what will best suit your lifestyle and workout before you decide which form of electrolytes you want to buy.

Price

As far as supplements go, most forms of electrolytes are fairly inexpensive. However, the individual packets and pre-portioned options are going to be more expensive than the powder that you can buy in a bulk tub. Anything portioned out will be more convenient to take, but you’ll definitely pay for that convenience. Whereas the powder takes a little more time to mix with water, so since it requires a little more work, you will be able to find it at a cheaper price. Before you buy your supplement, decide on your budget and find a product that aligns.

Benefits of Electrolyte Supplements

Though drinking 64 ounces (or more) of water a day is always the best way to stay hydrated, electrolyte supplementation doesn’t hurt and can be ideal in situations where your electrolytes have been especially depleted. These instances include periods of illness, morning hangovers, after long or intense workouts, or perspiring in extreme heat.

A few of the main minerals found in electrolyte supplements are sodium, chloride, calcium, potassium, and magnesium. These minerals can potentially help with nervous impulses, contracting muscles, keeping you hydrated, and regulating your body’s pH levels, all of which should keep your body functioning properly. (6)

When Should I Take Electrolytes?

When you take electrolytes depends on each individual lifestyle. Electrolytes are most necessary in cases where the body’s water supply has been especially depleted, which can be in extreme heat, after a night of heavy drinking, when you’re sick, or even after long, intense workouts. The fluid in your body contains electrolytes like sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesium, and calcium. These minerals dissolve in water and produce ions that send electrical signals throughout the body to help it function properly. (7)

When water is depleted, the mineral balance is also thrown off — that’s why it’s particularly important to take in high doses of electrolytes when you’ve lost water. If you’re feeling lightheaded, having muscle cramps, or fighting with a headache after exercise or intense heat, you’ve likely already lost a good bit of electrolytes. So before going for an extended run or subjecting yourself to an activity or environment where you’ll be sweating intensely, it’s worth taking a precautionary dose of electrolytes to stave off cramps and dizziness (which can be caused by a lack of electrolytes).

Best Electrolyte Supplements FAQs

References

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4. Burns M, Siegel DM. A Novel Skin Moisture Management Strategy. J Drugs Dermatol. 2021 Jul 1;20(7):752-754. doi: 10.36849/JDD.5749. PMID: 34231993.
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6. Nuts, coconut WATER (liquid from coconuts) nutrition facts & Calories. Nutrition Data know what you eat. (n.d.). https://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/nut-and-seed-products/3115/2.
7. Rebello, C. J., O’Neil, C. E., & Greenway, F. L. (2016, February). Dietary fiber and satiety: The effects of oats on satiety. Nutrition reviews. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4757923/.
8. What are electrolytes? Cedars. (n.d.). https://www.cedars-sinai.org/blog/electrolytes.html#:~:text=Erika%20Der%20Sarkissian%3A%20They%20do,they%20control%20nervous%2Dsystem%20function. 
9. National Research Council (US) Subcommittee on the Tenth Edition of the Recommended Dietary Allowances. (1989, January 1). Water and electrolytes. Recommended Dietary Allowances: 10th Edition. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK234935/. 
10. Morris, D. M., Huot, J. R., Jetton, A. M., Collier, S. R., & Utter, A. C. (2015). Acute Sodium Ingestion Before Exercise Increases Voluntary Water Consumption Resulting In Preexercise Hyperhydration and Improvement in Exercise Performance in the Heat. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 25(5), 456–462.